Evolution deletes emails on IMAP servers by marking the messages for deletion; space is not freed until you expunge the marked emails.
To Expunge a specific folder, go to Folder ▸ Expunge or press Ctrl+E. To Expunge all folders, go to File ▸ Empty Trash. This applies to other types of accounts as well.
To delete the attachments of an email, select the message and click Message ▸ Remove Attachments.
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